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"Twenty thousand kilometers..." Sanchez smacked his lips in amazement, shocked by this outrageous data.
Although they have already measured the even more outrageous speed of light, this speed of 10,000 kilometers per second is still beyond their reach...
Anthony was also extremely surprised. Thinking back to the moment in the Cloud Chamber, the surge of the fog trail happened almost in an instant, so fast that even these great wizards couldn't react. This was enough to prove that Lin En was not exaggerating on purpose!
"So you are going to use this new particle to hit and destroy the outer shell of the element?" Harov quickly thought of this.
Generally speaking, the faster an object is, the greater its destructive power. The advantage of the Alpha element is that it is small enough and may be able to knock open the outer shell of the element and cause it to break.
"No, I think the atom doesn't have an outer shell. Everything about it is exposed..." Lynn shook his head and said seriously.
"How is that possible?" Vittorio frowned and refuted. "All elements are in motion all the time. If there is no outer shell to protect it, after millions of years, wouldn't the things inside have been thrown out long ago..."
The wizards in the audience were also discussing and arguing. Lin En's remarks were really too outrageous. If this magic star had not proven his talent in magic research time and time again before, someone would have stood up to refute it long ago.
In their imagination, elements should be in the shape of a sphere, wrapped in an extremely hard shell, so as to protect the internal substances from damage over the years.
Facing everyone's questioning gazes, Lin En smiled and asked back, "Compound elements also don't have shells, so can't they survive for a long time?"
According to the existing theories in the Wizarding Land, the reason why those composite elements can stick together firmly is that they are connected by something called elemental co-bonds, so they will not easily separate. In fact, to put it bluntly, it is also a chemical bond, but the name is different between the two worlds.
Hearing this, Vittorio and the others were stunned for a moment, and then they began to wonder whether there might be a similar force inside the elements that could firmly bind the matter inside.
Lynn did not continue with his lengthy explanation. Words are not enough, facts are the best evidence.
During this delay, Alok and others have already set up the experimental table. In fact, they just cast magic to make the gold foil float in the center of the detection device.
Then, the lead box is placed facing the gold foil, a small hole is opened at the front end, and a certain amount of radium element is placed inside. Since lead can effectively protect against radiation, alpha particles will only be emitted from the small hole in the lead box, forming a beam of high-energy particle rays that continuously hit the gold foil.
The gold foil is surrounded by a ring-shaped detection device covered with fluorescent paint. It will glow when it comes into contact with alpha particles, thereby determining the movement of the particles.
As for why gold is used, it is of course because this thing has extremely strong extensibility. Only 1 gram of natural gold can be stretched into a gold wire several kilometers long. This can ensure that the rays pass through a limited number of elements in a straight line, reducing interference to a minimum...
After roughly explaining the experimental process, Lynn opened the hole in the lead box, and a beam of rays invisible to the naked eye immediately hit the gold foil.
Both alpha particles and gold atoms are extremely small and cannot be seen with the naked eye, but wizards naturally have their own ways. In particular, the great wizards have a strong perception ability that allows them to detect subtle changes at the atomic level.
After the field was expanded, the entire piece of gold foil took on a different look in their eyes. The gold elements were arranged in an orderly manner, blocking the way ahead like a solid wall.
However, this wall was not as strong as they imagined, because small dots soon lit up on the detection device at the back, which meant that the alpha particles passed directly through the gold foil and came into contact with the fluorescent material at the back.
"It actually went straight through!" Harof murmured softly. The position of the light spot was directly facing the direction of the hole in the lead box, without the slightest deviation.
Anthony, who also discovered this, couldn't help but frown. This was not what he had imagined.
You have to know that alpha particles also have magnetic field reactions, which means that if the other party comes into contact with positive and negative electrons, it will inevitably be disturbed.
Chapter 395: Everything in the world has its own laws of operation, from the stars to the elements, there are no exceptions!
Anthony was puzzled, but the facts were in front of him. He could only guess that the speed of this particle was too fast and it instantly penetrated the element, so it could pass through the interior of the element full of positive and negative electrons without being affected at all.
Or maybe these alpha particles are just lucky and pass through the subtle gaps between atoms.
Anthony speculated like this, but the next moment all these fantasies disappeared, because a tiny dot lit up above the circular detection screen, which meant that an alpha particle was disturbed as he had expected, and thus deviated from the track...
"It seems that my distributed element model is correct." A great wizard said complacently.
Since positive and negative electrons attract each other, while the same electrons repel each other, he speculated that the electrons inside the elements should not be tightly bound together, but rather the positive and negative charges are paired and scattered.
All the congressmen present nodded in unison, because a very dense and dazzling light spot had formed in the area directly opposite the hole in the lead box, and only a very small number of alpha particles were repelled to other places, which proved that the interior of the element was indeed empty.
However, they soon discovered that this model was not entirely accurate. Some alpha particles turned back 180 degrees after hitting the gold element, almost returning to the original path. Moreover, these deflected particles were concentrated in the center of the atom, and the scattering distribution was relatively regular. The existing theory of more than a dozen element models was completely unable to explain this strange phenomenon.
Lin En's face showed a look of understanding. The result of the experiment was not beyond his expectations. It meant that the atomic structure of the two worlds was the same, and no unknown changes had occurred due to the influence of magic.
Vittorio, who was sitting in the conference seat, had a solemn expression on his face. Based on the law of fluorescence distribution, he constructed a corresponding model in his mind. In just one or two seconds, he calculated the deflection angle of each particle!
"There should be a small but powerful core in the center of the element. It seems that only the alpha particles that hit this core will be bounced back, while the others can pass through smoothly." Vittorio suddenly said.
Anthony and others immediately came to their senses. Only this could explain why the distribution of particle scattering was so strange.
"Yes, I call it the nucleus!" Lin En's voice also resounded in everyone's ears at the same time.
"Nucleus? The core of the atom?" The congressmen murmured the name.
"This is the elemental model I constructed!" Lin En raised his hand, and several magic balls appeared in his palm. The largest magic ball was located in the center, and the rest of the magic balls were rotating around it at high speed.
"Isn't this a picture of the galaxy?" Aurora said in surprise.
The atomic nucleus is like the sun, and the electrons revolving around it are planets. According to Lynn's demonstration, these "electrons" are even rotating on their own. It's simply a small galaxy!
"Good!" Lin En nodded. Since he did not have quantum theory as a basis, he was not in a hurry to come up with a more practical theory of electron clouds. After all, this thing was too difficult to understand. He had to settle for the second best and use the relatively easy-to-understand planetary orbit model to explain it all.
"Stars are able to bind planets by relying on the gravity caused by their extraordinary mass. Then how do atoms bind their electrons? Could it be gravity as well?" Harof asked in confusion. Judging from the trajectory of the repelled alpha particles, it does seem to be caused by repulsive force.
"The matter inside the nucleus is positively charged, and the orbiting electrons are negatively charged, so the two will attract each other, but this attraction is balanced by the speed of the electrons themselves. It is indeed somewhat similar to gravity..." Lin En explained as concisely as possible.
In fact, it would be easier to explain this phenomenon using probability cloud theory, but in that case he would have to first explain quantum theory.
"However, this balance can be broken. If enough energy can be absorbed, these orbiting electrons will jump to other orbits..." Lin En continued to add that this is the same principle as gravity. If a planet in a state of equilibrium is suddenly subjected to force and accelerated, it will deviate from its original orbit.
Thanks to the continuous publicity of Magic Daily, the law of universal gravitation has been widely circulated among wizards. Even those wizards who have no interest in force field magic have some understanding of the three laws of stars that form orbits, so it is not difficult to understand.
"Is this the so-called energy level of laser magic?" Aurora murmured to herself. Lin En mentioned this concept when he was perfecting laser magic.
At that time, she was very interested in this energy level phenomenon, but the time was too short and she had not figured out the principle behind it. Now Lin En's explanation of the internal structure of the elements made her understand that the five energy levels correspond to the five orbits of electrons orbiting the nucleus. The more energy absorbed, the more the electrons orbiting the nucleus will jump to the outer orbits.
The power of laser magic lies in its direct targeting of the essence of the elements. No wonder its power is enough to separate gold and jade, and cut a huge sailing warship in half like splitting a page of paper.
"Why are there only five energy levels? What will happen if the energy absorbed by these orbiting electrons exceeds the limit?" Aurora suddenly thought of this question and asked curiously.
"Then it will break free from the constraints of the nucleus and become a free electron, which is the plasma state of the element!" Lin En explained with a smile. "It can be compared to a planet suddenly gaining an extraordinary speed, so it breaks free from the constraints of the star's gravity and flies into the vast universe."
"I see!" Aurora suddenly realized.
This planetary orbital element model almost perfectly explains the formation of plasma, the principles of laser magic and the scattering of alpha particles.
More importantly, it is beautiful and extremely regular, completely in line with the wizards' ideas about the elements!
"What a rigorous and brilliant design!" Harov said in admiration, and then said with emotion, "I didn't expect that the interior of the element would actually show a star-like picture..."
Everything in the world has its own laws of operation, from the stars to the interior of elements. This similarity may be the embodiment of the laws governing the operation of the world!
Anthony, Adela and other wizards who proposed elemental models sighed when they saw the star track elemental structure in Lin En's hand. In comparison, the simple elemental model they constructed was not even up to par...
Chapter 396: Lin En: I have a magic that can kill gods!
Lynn's orbital element model quickly conquered the wizards present. Apart from anything else, the perfection of the theory alone was far ahead of other theories!
Moreover, the orbit of the largest galaxy and the smallest atomic structure show a surprising similarity, which is also a unique magical romance. Arad has an even more imaginative idea that their galaxy may also be a "cosmic atom", and countless "cosmic atoms" make up the entire visible universe!
"So, the most critical substance that constitutes an element is its core!" Harov thought of the results of the particle scattering experiment just now and quickly realized this.
The number of electrons orbiting the nucleus is small and their strength is low, so they are unable to stop the alpha particles from passing through. It is difficult for them to even have a slight impact. However, the atomic nucleus is different. The powerful electromagnetic force can bend the trajectory of particles traveling at 20,000 kilometers per hour, or even bounce them back along their original path.
"But what constitutes the core of the elements?" Harov suddenly thought of this question again.
"Could it be these alpha particles?" Vittorio guessed. These strange particles were scattered from the radium element. Since they were not just electrons, they could only have flown out from the nucleus.
“I guess so…” Lin En nodded, and didn’t intend to refute it, because it was not wrong to say so.
Alpha particles are the product of the core decay of the element radium. They are composed of two neutrons and two protons, and have the same structure as the nucleus of the lighter element helium. This means that radium is repelling a mass equivalent to a helium nucleus every minute and every second!
However, in addition to alpha particles, radium also has β (beta) particles. It's just that this time he has produced too many "scientific research results". With his own efforts, he has pulled the wizards from the macroscopic world to the microscopic world, and the development of magic has been pushed forward by hundreds of years in an instant!
If one person said everything and took all the credit, it would somewhat undermine the wizards' enthusiasm for research...
Lin En thought so, but he did not stop talking, and continued to speak. "So now we only have one goal left, to disassemble the nucleus and find out the true source of magic!"
"But how can we do this?" Vittorio frowned. They could at least sense the elements and use alpha rays which were smaller than the elements to penetrate them. However, the nucleus of an atom was much smaller than the element itself. Its power could easily deflect and rebound particles traveling at a speed of 20,000 kilometers per second. It was truly terrifying!
Aurora and Harof also fell into deep thought. The mystery of the elements was right in front of them. They just needed to push open the last door in front of them!
However, this door is made of iron. No, it should be said that it is harder than the stone giant's back armor (the strongest thing known to the magic world)!
Fortunately, Lin En didn't expect the wizards to come up with a solution in just a few days, so he spoke directly.
"In fact, I already have a plan, but there is still a very important problem that has not been solved..."
"It is based on this theory that I have developed a new and powerful magic. I believe this will be the key to our victory over the Holy See!"
Lin En spoke in a decisive tone, his loud voice echoing in the meeting.
These words were like throwing a huge rock into a lake, which immediately caused ripples. Raphael and others stood up from their seats excitedly and stared at Lin En.
Looking for hope of defeating the Church from within the elements is the path pointed out by the legends of the [Society of Mysticism], but in recent times, many wizards have begun to doubt whether such aimless research is correct.
Before the Vatican launches another massive attack, can they really find the power from the elements to defeat that false god?
After all, the time left for them is too short, and the enemy is extremely powerful!
So much so that some people pessimistically believe that the legends of the [Arcane Society] have determined that they cannot defeat the Holy See, so they are unwilling to take action and just found a random excuse to fool them.
Harof and Vittorio, who had faced [Ella] directly, were now horrified beyond words. They had personally experienced how powerful [Ella] was. Even if it was legendary magic, the opponent could destroy it with just a flick of a finger!
But Lin En still has the confidence to speak out about defeating the Holy See!
If it were someone else, Harof would just think that the other person was talking nonsense, but Lin En was different. It was because he created one miracle after another that he was called the Magic Star!
"What kind of magic is that, Master Lin?" Vittorio asked excitedly, not caring that it was a taboo among wizards to ask about the principles of new magic.
"I can only say that is the true power of the elements!" Lin En shook his head and kept it a secret.
Although the wizards present were all elites recognized by the parliament and had made great contributions in the previous defense of the royal capital, the possibility of betrayal was extremely small, but as long as there was this possibility, they had to be guarded against.
"The true power of the elements?" Harof wondered what kind of magic was worthy of such a title.
Could it be that its power is even greater than that of legendary magic?
Aurora saw that Lin En had no intention of revealing it in public, so she spoke helplessly. "You should just tell me what the problem is. Even you, the magic star, can't solve it."
"I need to gather the power of the parliament and your talents to solve a problem!" Lin En said solemnly.
The method of separating highly enriched uranium 235 has been developed, and the nuclear materials can be gathered as long as those who went to explore the mines return. Now there is only one thing missing, and that is a controllable neutron source - that is, a method of radiating neutrons!
This thing can be understood as the ignition device of a nuclear explosion. Although the fire can be ignited without it, when it will be ignited and how it will explode are completely out of control!
This is obviously not what Lynn wants!
There are three common methods for making neutron sources...