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The problem is that it is too troublesome to use this asphalt to make photographic plates, and the images taken are difficult to copy, which is not conducive to large-scale dissemination.

So over the past year Glenn has been trying to use different elements to make photosensitive equipment to improve the lighting camera. Now it has been upgraded to the third version, and the problem of photo copying has been preliminarily solved.

The first large-scale use of it was in the propaganda war to undermine the faith of the people of the empire.

"Regarding the improvement of the camera, I have already come up with a plan. The clarity of the photos can be further increased through the development technique. And the printing magic developed by Speaker Lin may also be used in the reproduction of images..."

Glenn talked eloquently about the latest achievements in optical photography, and when he was excited, he wanted to demonstrate to Roll the developing magic he had developed!

Luo Er was also very interested. After all, with every improvement in photography technology, the Magic Daily would sell better. Following Glenn's instructions, he quickly stood in front of a photosensitive screen.

"Just like this!" Glenn stretched out his right hand, closed his eyes and began to sense and generate electric current.

He had no way to create light directly, but could only manipulate the light beam indirectly through electroluminescence.

Of course, according to the particle school, photoelectricity and electricity are likely to be the same thing, except that light is a more microscopic entity than electricity.

Roll stood there with interest and waited for a long time, but to his surprise, Glenn did not move for a long time, and his face was full of fear.

"What's wrong, Glenn?" Roll immediately realized that something was wrong and felt vaguely worried about his own safety. Could something have gone wrong with the magic?

"Charge...where is the charge? The charge is gone!" Glenn suddenly opened his eyes and said in horror.

"What?" Luo Er was stunned. For a moment he didn't understand what this meant.

Of course he knew what electric charge was. It was a substance with positive and negative charges. Generally speaking, lightning magic relied on artificially creating this potential difference.

"The electric charge is gone, I suddenly can't sense it!" Glenn's eyes were bloodshot, and his voice was trembling slightly. He couldn't even produce the simplest electric current now, and he couldn't use any lightning magic!

"Glenn, this is not the time to joke." Roll frowned, but when he saw Glenn running to the motor on one side like a madman, putting his hand in, and using his body to sense the electric current, he realized the seriousness of the problem.

Roll hurried over but did not dare to disturb Glenn's actions. He could only watch him as his body shook unconsciously and rapidly under the attack of the electric current. It was several minutes before he stopped dejectedly.

"How is it?" Luo asked worriedly.

"Electricity exists...Electricity exists! It's just that I have no way to control it!" Glenn muttered to himself, his face full of confusion and bewilderment.

"Are you too tired? Do you want to take a rest?" Luo Er said soothingly. He thought that Glenn might have been mentally exhausted because he had been conducting research day and night these days.

"No, I'm fine, very good!" Glenn said firmly, and stretched out his hand with a crazy look, and a ball of exploding fire appeared in his palm.

This is the second level spell [Pyroblast]...

Apparently, his mental strength was not so weakened that he could not perform magic.

Without waiting for Rawl to reply, Glenn anxiously called his assistant and asked him to cast a thunder spell, any kind would do.

After hearing Glenn's strange request, the assistant was also confused. However, after trying it out, he showed the same horrifying look on his face and shouted in despair. "Where is the charge? Where is the charge?"

Luo Er and Glenn looked at each other, and a chill suddenly surged from the soles of their feet to their hearts. They immediately put down all the things in their hands, hurriedly wrote an express letter, sent it to the Holy City, and reported this strange situation to the speakers.

In fact, the desks of the Magic Council are already filled with similar letters. There are many wizards like Glenn who suddenly found that they had lost the ability to control lightning, and the news is spreading rapidly like a plague...

After some investigation, the parliament quickly came to the conclusion that as long as a wizard questioned the properties of photoelectricity, he would immediately lose the ability to sense electric charge within the elemental vision.

What puzzled them the most was that those wizards who simply believed in particle or wave theory all had normal spellcasting abilities, while the wizards who were just watching the fun were almost wiped out.

Those with milder severity only have intermittent spell-casting difficulties, while those with more serious conditions, like Glenn, have completely lost the ability to sense electric charge.

Panic spread throughout the kingdom. This kind of "disease" called spellcasting disorder had never existed before. Most wizards, whether they were affected or not, were worried. These worries and panic soon turned into anger towards the wave theory.

Originally everyone was casting spells just fine, but once Jeffrey's wave theory came out, they couldn't cast spells anymore. Now even casting thunder spells has become a problem!

Dozens of great wizards of the particle school jointly published an article the next day, angrily denouncing the wave theory as a fallacy that completely shook the foundation of magic!

Coupled with the criticism from many neutral parties, the wave theory, which was already at a disadvantage, was even condemned by everyone.

Until a piece of bombshell news blew away everyone's cognition!

Without any warning, Anthony suddenly turned to believe in the wave theory, and published an article saying that he had found new evidence, and even discovered a completely new model on this basis that could explain the structure of atoms!

Sanchez, Arad and other great wizards of the particle school were stunned when they received the news. They were about to take advantage of the situation to strangle the wave wheel in the cradle and restore magic to orthodoxy, but Anthony, the number one contributor to the discovery of the photoelectric effect, actually betrayed them!

"Is Anthony crazy?" Sanchez was so angry that he jumped up and down.

The particle school's achievements over the past few months were destroyed just like that, and the furious Sanchez wanted to kill Anthony directly.

"Is light really a wave?" Arad was extremely confused. Apart from this, he could not think of any reason why Anthony suddenly switched to the wave faction.

"Have you forgotten our research, Arad?" Sanchez's face suddenly darkened. They have successfully used particle theory to 'explain' every phenomenon of light. Now they only need a few decisive pieces of evidence!

What's more, Anthony boasted that he had found a new model to explain the internal structure of elements.

This is simply crazy. You know, Speaker Lynn's star orbit element model has been recognized by all wizards and can only be described as perfect.

Any wizard who has seen the orbital model will recognize without hesitation that this is the ultimate form of the element!

Also, light and electricity are originally one entity, so could it be that the electrons inside the elements are also waves?

Sanchez absolutely did not believe in this perverse theory, but the impact of Anthony's "betrayal" as the originator of the photoelectric effect was still terrible. A large number of wizards who believed in the particle school were shaken and instantly lost the ability to sense electric charge.

This dispute, which has become increasingly widespread, has already gone beyond the boundaries of debate and naturally attracted the attention of Harov and others.

Even Lynn, who was immersed in the study of quantum theory, received the report.

"An obstacle to spellcasting?" After listening to the description of Philip and others, Lin En was quite surprised. He did not expect that the dispute between particles and waves would lead to such serious consequences.

"Dean, you should be okay, right?" Philip couldn't help but ask. Now nearly half of the people have lost the ability to sense electric charge.

“Of course I’m fine…” Lin En raised his eyebrows, and electric light surrounded him. This was the lightning magic - [Electromagnetic Barrier]!

Seeing that the magic star was fine, Philip and others breathed a sigh of relief. You know, nearly half of the wizards have lost the ability to cast corresponding spells.

Many wizards who support the light particle theory even gave this spellcasting obstacle a new name, "wave plague", meaning that the wave theory is the source of this magic crisis and will spread like a plague.

After some thought, Lin En vaguely guessed the cause of this magical crisis.

Although the 'electrotherapy induction' method developed by Anthony enables wizards to have the ability to sense and control electric charges, to be frank it is just a trick, and their own understanding of electricity is very limited.

It's like a child who has barely learned to walk and run by muscle memory, and now two people suddenly appear and argue with each other, insisting on telling the child whether it is more scientific to take the left foot first or the right foot first when walking, and which leg nerve should be controlled, and what is the most appropriate step angle. This child who used to be able to run is confused, and now he can't even walk...

Chapter 505 Anthony: No one understands Maxwell better than me!

Lin En calmed down and recovered from his speculation about the 'obstacle to spellcasting'. He asked with a little concern, "What does the parliament think now? Have they found a way to stop the riot?"

Philip shook his head helplessly. In fact, the parliament was in chaos. Such a sudden loss of the ability to sense a certain element had never happened in the history of magic.

It is said that Speaker Vittorio has summoned a lot of people and conducted physical and mental examinations on them, but no new discoveries have been made so far.

The only thing that is certain is that all these people questioned the nature of photoelectricity. Many of them even directly participated in the discussion of the wave-particle debate and published several papers in newspapers.

Philip paused for a moment, then continued, "Now many wizards who support particle theory suggest banning wave theory to prevent the spread of 'spellcasting disorder'..."

The congressmen are also considering this suggestion. After all, the impact of this dispute is too great. This strange "casting obstacle" makes many wizards feel frightened. Even several speakers have expressed their concerns about this.

Although the main force of the church has collapsed long ago, Ella, who fled abroad, is still a huge threat.

Thunder magic is now a very critical force in the entire magic system. It has great advantages in the transmission of intelligence, and the derived electromagnetic field is also an important factor in restraining nuclear power!

"So several speakers asked me to ask for your advice." Philip said cautiously.

"No, we can't do that! Tell them that I am clearly against banning the wave theory!" Lin En rejected it directly. "We are not a church, and we cannot stop normal research and discussion on magic..."

"Besides...it's too late to ban it now!"

After nearly two months of dispute, coupled with the two schools recruiting people to endorse each other, nearly 70% of the great wizards and the schools they led were involved. In addition, the lightning wizards who were originally watching the fun but ended up suffering inexplicably, as well as the terrifying spellcasting obstacles, made this dispute known to everyone.

Even if they banned the wave theory openly, they could not stop wizards from conducting research in private, so it would be better to let them debate openly. The collision of ideas would also help break the rules.

However, Lynn also asked Philip to reply to the parliament and ask them to manipulate public opinion to control the intensity of the dispute to avoid large-scale bloody conflicts.

This is not impossible. There have always been conflicts caused by academic disputes in the history of magic.

For example, more than 20 years ago, the debate about the origin of the fire element almost led to a conflict between two opposing schools of thought. In the end, it was the great wizard Arad who defeated his opponent in a duel with his newly developed sixth-ring magic [Fire Element Storm], forcing the other party to "be convinced".

Even in the previous life, the dispute over the wave-particle properties of light caused a group of bigwigs listed in textbooks to criticize each other for three hundred years!

The reason is that the contradiction between the two theories is almost impossible to reconcile based on common sense.

What is a wave?

It is a physical quantity or disturbance of a physical quantity that propagates in space in a specific form.

To put it more simply, in the eyes of wizards, this thing is a continuous and indivisible existence.

A particle refers to the smallest component of matter that can exist in a free state, one by one!

Because of this, because you can't say something is continuous and discrete at the same time, the brain simply can't imagine that existence, just like you can't say a cat is both alive and dead...

But the microscopic world is so tiring that one needs to completely abandon the so-called common sense of the macroscopic world in order to get a glimpse of the mysteries contained therein.

Lin En shook his head and looked at the manuscript on the table.

During this period of time, he also conducted preliminary research and experiments in the microscopic field. He wanted to find an opportunity to publish some papers first, but now the inexplicable "casting disorder" made him hesitate.

If these research results on quantum superposition and entanglement were released, the impact would not just be on lightning wizards. A large number of elemental wizards might even lose the ability to cast spells.

That is the real magical crisis!

Just as Lin En was thinking, a sturdy Garde falcon suddenly flew in from the wide open window and landed on the desk with a white letter hanging on its feet.

Lynn recognized it as a communication eagle at a glance.

Although temporary communication base stations consisting of patrol airships have now spread across the continent, enabling nationwide emergency communications within fifteen minutes, some secret messages are not convenient to transmit using this method, and many schools of thought still retain the tradition of using captive communication eagles for communication.

Philip, who was standing by, noticed that there was a lightning mark engraved on the beautiful feather on the right side of the Garde falcon.

"This logo should belong to Master Anthony, right?" Philip said with interest. In recent days, the founder of the 'electrotherapy induction method' and the originator of the photoelectric effect has become very famous.

As a leading figure in the theory of light particles, he actually turned around and believed in the wave theory, which dumbfounded many wizards who were watching the fun.

Philip was more inclined to the light particle theory and could not understand why the other party suddenly made such a crazy move. Perhaps the truth was in this letter.

Lynn then took the tightly sealed letter, and after passing the identification magic on the envelope, he opened it and began to read.

In this letter, Anthony elaborated in detail on their research on electric and magnetic fields during this period, and stated that he had cracked the fourth equation of Maxwell's equations, and deduced an astonishing fact from it - light is an electromagnetic wave with a unique frequency.

And successfully created light using this method!

"No wonder..." Lynn smiled. He could imagine Anthony's mixed feelings of frustration and surprise. Now that he understood that light was an electromagnetic wave, it was not difficult to understand why he suddenly chose to embrace wave mechanics.

In addition, in the letter, Anthony flattered him, saying that these research results were derived based on his Maxwell equations and calculus formulas. He then euphemistically stated that he had discovered a new model to explain the internal structure of elements, which might be subtly different from the star orbital formula he had proposed before...

Of course, Lynn knew that this subtle difference was probably a world of difference, and the purpose of Anthony's letter was obviously to test his attitude.