Chapter 504 I added
Chapter 504 I added
Standing on the podium was King Gollum.
The lecturers included Professor Li Pingrui, Professor Wang Wujian, Professor Zhao Zi and other star-studded faculty.
It is no exaggeration to say that the people present here are enough to hold an academic forum.
But as an experienced speaker, Gu Lu has his own way of dealing with it. He silently asked himself, "The language experts on Earth and in the parallel world are similar. No one on Earth would question it, so neither would the parallel world."
[Pronunciation position/stem left and right/arc opening and closing
Sibilance, Left, Open
Labial, left, closed
Dental, Right, Open
Rounded velar, right, closed
Pronunciation method/stem up and down/arc odd and even
Clear burst, down, single
[…]
Connecting with the lessons from the previous few days, Gu Lu wrote down the Tengwa letters.
"So, Professor Gu Lu, the alphabet you created is a phonetic alphabet? Each letter corresponds to a phoneme?" Professor Li Pingrui made a summary, looking at the letters.
The Tengwa alphabet is very strange, a bit like letters pq, etc., except that it has a different number of arcs.
"Do you have any questions about the pronunciation of letters? Professor Li?" Professors Gu Lujing and others asked.
Professor Li is also thinking about it. For example, there is a letter similar to p, but it is not closed. So the pronunciation position is dental, and it is in the upper single arc, so the pronunciation method is a light fricative.
The definition of a fricative sound is the friction sound produced by airflow through the narrow passage of the oral cavity or nasal cavity. This is a bit complicated. It is probably the sound we make "th", which corresponds to the dental sound. We can basically guess the pronunciation of the unsealed Tengwa letter similar to P. According to Gu Lu's corresponding pronunciation of the Tengwa letter, it is indeed "t".
And it is very considerate to use additional letters, which are a few letters that do not follow the phonetic rules.
Very perfect, but there are some minor issues...
"It has taken shape, but if this is the case, the Quenya language based on the Tengwa alphabet, according to the pronunciation..." Professor Li Pingrui pointed to the alphabet and said a few rows and columns. The additional letters are similar to the writing of "人" and are pronounced /h/. Even if you are a language professor and understand the generation mechanism of a language, you can't read a new language accurately after seeing it.
Even if it is inaccurate, Professor Li prefers to directly call the pronunciation corresponding to the letters.
"If this letter appears at the beginning of a word or between vowels, it will be weakened." When Professor Li Pingrui speaks, it will become the unclosed pronunciation of d, with a clear dental sound, that is, /x/.
"Also, b can be palatalized between vowels and consonants, or /f/ can become /v/." Professor Li Pingrui said, "This is my speculation based on the pronunciation rules you described earlier. If all these special cases are regulated, it will be more complicated than a shit-mountain language like German."
How can you talk like that? Who said German is a shit mountain language? ! You don’t even know how to put it in a more tactful way. Professor Wang Wujian thought to himself, but then again, your sword was a bit too strong!
The classroom suddenly became quiet. Those who were not linguistics majors, or more accurately, those who were not professional enough, were already beyond their comprehension. Why was it weakened? Why was it palatalized? Well, it didn't matter whether they could understand it or not! The important thing was that Teacher Gu Lu seemed to have encountered a major problem!
Little Huang and Little Donkey stared at the people on the stage intently.
Peking University is worthy of being the top university in China. The professors there are really capable and they grasp the key points right away.
"About this question, tehta system!" Gu Lu wrote four words on the blackboard, "diacritical marks."
Li Pingrui was a little surprised that he actually used this trick. To put it more clearly, umlauts exist to make languages and letters more complex, such as German, French, and Spanish. They only exist in these famous complex languages, but not in English. Let me tell you something that my friends are familiar with. Add two dots on the u to become "ü", and those two dots are umlauts.
"Quenya diacritical marks are added to letters, or at the end. I designed a total of four dots to distinguish them. One dot represents the vowel 'i', two dots represent the vowel 'e', three dots represent the vowel 'a', and four dots represent the vowel 'o'. Of course, if two dots are added under the letter, it represents a double consonant and a nasal sound."
Gu Lu said, "The reason for making such a complex design is, on the one hand, to maintain the systematic nature of the language system. On the other hand, I said that we need to set the background of the language. From the original Elvish to the classical Quenya, this process will definitely evolve naturally. The weakening of consonants and the change of vowel pronunciation due to position changes are all very normal. Only in this way can it be authentic." Awesome!
To make it more realistic, make the rules more complicated.
Even laymen, namely students, could feel the seriousness of King Guru.
Li Pingrui took a deep breath and said, "Teacher Gu, you are referring to the Great Vowel Shift in Old English."
It seems so. Gu Lu thought about it and realized that Tolkien's major was the study of Old English. That makes sense!
"We are very well prepared and well-founded," Li Pingrui said. "The internationally recognized reason for the large vowel shift in Old English is the principle of economy, that is, the less effort the better and the simpler the better without causing ambiguity. It just so happens that the printing press was promoted and the spelling did not change. For a language created for novels, if the printing press was not promoted in the background of the novel, the spelling would slowly change with the pronunciation, and then diacritical marks would be introduced, which is the case for Spanish and French."
"Okay!" Li Pingrui felt it made more and more sense the more he spoke. "Teacher Gu, you really chose the wrong major. If you studied at our Foreign Languages College, you would definitely become an expert."
After saying that, Li Pingrui sat down. He was completely convinced by the evolution of the pronunciation of artificial languages.
Some of the students in the audience were confused, while others understood.
Xiao Huang and Xiao Lu were explaining to the senior students who came over from the Foreign Languages College.
"For example, the word name was pronounced as /nam/ in Old English, which is more similar to our pinyin "nao". In modern English, it is pronounced as /nem/, and the vowel changes from /a/ to /e/, which is more similar to "na-mei". This is a typical vowel shift, which is also inevitable in language evolution."
"And Teacher Gu Lu directly reflected this change through the voice changing system, which is very reasonable."
Damn, is this what a strong person is? Xiao Huang and Xiao Lu looked at each other.
Gu Lu didn't stop, he pressed the PPT, and a poem Namári written in Quenya appeared on it, which is the Elegy of Galadriel.
As he wrote, Gu Lu recited in Quenya.
The Chinese content is roughly: Ah, the leaves fall like gold in the wind, the years pass, countless like the feathers of the trees, and flowing like the mead flowing on the banquet table in the other side of the hall! In Varda's sacred and solemn song, the deep blue sky above is full of stars. Now who will fill my cup...
Quite long.
It was also translated into the common twenty-six letters.
Ok!
Not only does it have a complete pronunciation evolution, but the vocabulary is also quite large. Looking at this elegy, there are at least more than a hundred different words.
This is great.
Professor Wang Wujian and Professor Zhao Zi looked at each other and found a fatal problem!
(End of this chapter)